Tequila Facts: Everything You Need to Know

Ever wonder who made tequila first?

Cuervo is the tequila that invented tequila, and one of the oldest spirits in the world that is still made to this day. As an 11th-generation, family-owned, and Mexican-owned tequila company with more than 230 years of tequila-making history, we were the:

  • First Tequila producers
  • First Farmers to cultivate agave for tequila production
  • First Distillery to use masonry brick ovens
  • First Producers to introduce glass bottles, mechanical mills, and electricity to tequila-making
  • Today, we plant more agaves than any other company worldwide.

Now it’s your turn to become a tequila expert. Arm yourself with these facts behind the magic of tequila making and production.

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Get straight to frequently asked tequila questions like:

1. Farming and Agriculture

The history of Cuervo starts in the year 1758, when Jose Antonio de Cuervo began producing in the town of Tequila, Jalisco. Jose Cuervo was one of the first to farm agave at scale for the production of “mezcal de tequila” as it was known then, back in its inception. Today, we own the largest holdings of agave in the world – nestled in rich, volcanic soil in the Tequila Valley. As the leader in the industry, Cuervo is committed to crafting eco-friendly tequila and creating a better, more sustainable future for agave by reusing, recycling, and repurposing 100% of the plant.

  • Harvested in Mexico: Only alcohol made with at least 51% blue agave that is produced in the five designated States of Mexico may be labelled as Tequila. Many brands are taking shortcuts in the tequila process, seeking quick-turn investments and business exports that are destroying Mexican communities. As a Mexican-owned tequila company, Cuervo invests in the land and communities in Tequila and Camichines, Jalisco, that are at the forefront of tequila making, including the development of roads, schools, and health programs in communities where production takes place.
  • Farming the Agave: Cuervo plants the agave shoots between February and July to avoid the months of excessive rain. Our agave farmers are caretakers of the crop, and work closely in partnership with the Jimadores who cultivate and harvest the agave. Cuervo is committed to industry-leading wages for our farmers, and has long-term contracts with third-party growers to protect the foundational source of the tequila industry.
  • Sustainability in Tequila Farming: Through The Agave Project, Cuervo makes its commitment to tequila sustainability practices by creating a circular economy for our raw material. We repurpose 100% of the agave – that includes using the fibrous agave byproduct called bagasse for compost in our fields and donating the compost to third parties for local community members to start new businesses. For questions around eco-friendly tequila practices and sustainability, please visit the FAQs at the bottom of this page.

2. Prepping and Cooking the Agave

Cuervo is made in family-owned distilleries. It all started in La Rojeña, the oldest distillery in the Americas, and still operating in the town of Tequila, Jalisco.

  • Tons of Agave: Blue agave takes over five years to mature and reach its peak in sugars. Each plant is only harvested once. Each day, La Rojeña distillery receives from 200 to 300 tons of agave for the production of tequila. The piña (which resembles a pineapple) is the heart of the agave from which sugars are extracted, and tequila is made.
  • Cooking: The traditional cooking of the piñas takes 36 to 40 hours and helps refine the taste of our tequila. Cuervo was the first producer to use these types of ovens. The brick oven method is steeped in tradition and intended for slow roasting, known to extract rich flavors through a slower conversion and caramelization of sugars, while a machine called the diffuser allows us to lower energy consumption and increase yield from the agave plant; a great benefit during agave shortages.
    • Masonry brick ovens are used for the majority of the Cuervo line like Tradicional and Reserva de la Familia.
    • A diffuser is used as the main extraction method for some of our expressions including Cuervo Especial, Cuervo Authentics, and Cuervo RTDs. A diffuser is a machine that uses just hot water and steam to pressure wash shredded agave fibers to remove the sugary liquid from the fibers. That liquid is then cooked via steam to separate the compounds for the fermentation process.
  • Milling and Fermentation: If cooked in masonry ovens, the cooked piñas are taken to shredding machines, where they’re cut into small pieces, juices extracted and separated from the bagasse. Then, the resulting juices are put into stainless steel fermentation tanks with proprietary strains of yeast for 50 to 60 hours.

3. Distilling and Aging Tequila

Cuervo is the pioneer of tequila aging and has been creating new ways to mature and finish tequila for more than 200 years. We use both copper pot stills and column stills for distillation, depending on the expression.

  • Aged Tequila: We use new American oak barrels in our aging, so we see a lot of flavor and color coming from the wood as it’s working on the liquid. For each expression, we toast or char the barrel in one of three main ways: light, medium and heavy to determine the flavor profile. The moment a tequila touches a barrel, it absorbs flavorful compounds that can come from the charred wood, or the liquid that was used in the cask prior to filling it with tequila (like Sherry, bourbon or wine). Blanco tequilas, such as Cuervo Tradicional Blanco, are not aged.
  • Expressions:
    • Blanco, also known as Silver or Plata, is an unaged spirit that is either not aged in barrels at all or rested for up to two months in pipones.
    • Reposado tequila must be rested in wood barrels for a minimum of two months, which helps it mellow and refine.
    • Añejo is the designation for tequila that’s been aged in oak barrels, not to exceed 600 liters, for a minimum of one year and up to three years. Cuervo Tradicional Añejo then finishes its aged liquid in Irish Single Malt whiskey barrels for around two months.
    • An Extra Añejo is aged for over three years. Reserva de la Familia Extra Añejo is aged in new American and French oak barrels, and then blended with older reserves of Extra Añejo tequila from the family cellars.
  • Finishing Touches: Each bottle of tequila must have a 4-digit number (called the NOM). This is an administrative entity connected to a single or multiple distilleries, and not specific to each product. Cuervo uses one NOM on its labels (NOM 1122) that encompasses all four of our distilleries and five tequila brands. This number is not attached to one independent facility.

FAQ

Is Tequila stronger than other alcohol?

Tequila is NOT stronger than other alcohol. It’s typically 80 proof – 40% alcohol by volume (ABV) – just like most spirits.

Is Cuervo a Mexican company?

Yes! Cuervo is an 11th-generation, Mexican family-owned tequila company, and is proud to be the only Mexican-owned multinational spirits company.

What is a NOM?

  • The Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM) is an administrative entity connected to a tequila producer with a single or multiple distilleries, and it does not necessarily represent the distillery where it is produced. It helps indicate who makes the tequila. For example, Cuervo uses one NOM on its labels (NOM 1122) that encompasses all four of our distilleries and five tequila brands. This number is not attached to one independent facility.
  • In 2006, to further establish standards, production regulations and defined product styles, Cuervo worked with the CRT to create the Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM). We have always been committed to consumer transparency – every bottle of Cuervo tequila also includes the distillery address where it was made.

Are there worms found in your bottles?

No, there are never worms in any true tequila. The worm-in-the-bottle myth actually comes from mezcal, a different agave spirit primarily made in Oaxaca. Some mezcal producers began adding a worm as a marketing gimmick in the 1940s and ’50s, but it has never been part of traditional tequila-making. Tequila is made only from Blue Weber agave and must come from specific regions in Mexico, primarily Jalisco—where quality and regulations are strictly enforced.

Is tequila a collectors item?

  • For some, the appeal lies in exploring tequilas aged in unique barrels, like new American oak or even barrels previously used for Irish single malt whiskey. Each tequila has a unique barrel story, but all of our aged tequilas at Cuervo are first aged in either new American or French oak barrels.
  • Each year, the Cuervo family also commissions a well-known Mexico-based artist to create a special edition design for its Reserva de la Familia by Jose Cuervo Extra Añejo expression, adorned on the wooden gift box in which each hand-numbered and wrapped bottle is placed. Only a limited quantity of Reserva de la Familia Extra Añejo is produced each year, making each box a special collector’s item only available for a limited time. Learn more about the 2025 Artist box, celebrating Reserva’s 30th anniversary.

Is Cuervo 100% Weber Blue Agave?

The Cuervo Tradicional line is 100% Blue weber agave, and the Cuervo Especial line is a tequila made with 51% Blue weber agave and 49% sugar sourced from cane and grain.

What is a diffuser? Does Cuervo use a diffuser?

  • A diffuser is a machine that uses just hot water and steam to pressure wash shredded agave fibers to remove the sugary liquid from the fibers. That liquid is then cooked via steam to separate the compounds for the fermentation process.
  • Diffusers are an efficient production method designed to help lower energy consumption and increase yield from every agave plant. They reduce water usage by more than 50%, use 46% less energy and 20% less agave. Diffusers are utilized for some, but not all of our tequilas and are a critical method in differentiating our production cycle to meet consumer demand and find more sustainable solutions to produce our tequilas.
  • Cuervo Especial and Cuervo Authentics uses a diffuser in its extraction and cooking of the agave sugars, whereas Cuervo Tradicional and Reserva de la Familia use traditional brick ovens to cook the agave. 

How is Cuervo addressing sustainability and environmental concerns within its tequila operations and production?

  • As a category leader, Cuervo has an outsized responsibility to protect the environment and the future of the plant and our surrounding community. For decades, we’ve used agave byproduct for compost in our fields, and we give that compost to third parties for free for them to start new businesses.
  • In 2019, we established ‘The Agave Project’ to create a circular economy, and maintain a long-standing commitment to the land and people of Tequila and Mexico by repurposing or recycling 100% of bagasse. You can learn more about Cuervo’s tequila sustainability practices by checking out The Agave Project.
  • Treating water stillage from the production of tequila is critical in order to keep the surrounding environment safe from pollution. We are one of the few distilleries that have invested in a stillage treatment plants on site, which allows us to process about 2 million liters of stillage per day and make it safe to return to the water system. The majority of tequila producers are polluting our waterways making this a huge environmental issue. Our treated wastewater is used for the steam ovens and within the stillage treatment plant creating a circular process and allowing Cuervo to be more sustainable.

How does Cuervo ensure fair labor practices and sustainability in agave farming?

  • As the oldest tequila company and first farmers of agave, Cuervo is deeply committed to protecting the tequila industry, preserving the environment, and supporting the Mexican communities that are its foundation.
  • We provide our agave farmers with industry-leading wages and long-term contracts—commitments we maintain regardless of broader industry shifts, such as agave shortages or surplus years.
  • Cuervo actively advocates for these workers at the governmental and industry levels, working to ensure their protection and to secure the long-term health of the agave industry. This includes promoting responsible farming practices and investing in sustainability initiatives that safeguard agave for future generations.
  • As we look toward the future, we remain focused on finding innovative, sustainable ways to produce our tequila, while continuing to prioritize the well-being and livelihoods of the people who make it possible.

What Are Tequila Additives?

The most common additives, or enhancers, used in both tequila and across almost all spirits are caramel extract for color standardization, oak extract for flavor standardization, glycerin for mouthfeel, and Jarabes or sweeteners for flavor. As a regulated industry, Tequila is only allowed to include up to 1% of additives in 100% agave tequila. They are not unhealthy, and this regulated process has shared the same standard across other spirits categories for decades, including wine, Rum, Vodka, Cognac, and Scotch. 

Any time an aged tequila touches a barrel as part of production, it may include compounds that can be imparted through the wood – for example, an ex-wine or Bourbon cask will have remnants of the spirit it housed and will show up as an additive in a lab test. This makes the ‘no additive tequila’ or ‘additive free’ claim impossible to certify. There could also be the need to add additives for color correction, flavor standardization or mouthfeel, and the permitted use of these can vary from batch to batch. Flavored tequilas will use additives to create the flavor profile.

Are Tequila Additives Unhealthy?

No. There is a current misperception that additives reduce the quality of the product, are unhealthy and are changing the flavor of tequila, which is unequivocally false. Additives are used as enhancers that create consistency and standardization in the tequila production process. They are not unhealthy, and this regulated process has shared the same standard across other spirits categories for decades, including wine, Rum, Vodka, Cognac and Scotch.

Additive-free tequilas, or no-additive tequilas, are not recognized as an official segment in the category, nor is there an official additive-free certification put in place by regulators because no formal testing has taken place with any producers. Tequilas that describe their product as “Additive-Free” or as “Pure Tequila With No Additives” do not use any enhancers in their production process; however, they may use barrels for their aged tequilas that will contain compounds and additives.

How Does Tequila Making Impact The Environment?

Climate change presents a significant challenge for tequila production, because agave is sensitive to weather patterns. Changes in rainfall, temperature, or extreme weather events can affect harvest years down the line.

Water is another concern facing the industry. Cuervo is one of the few distilleries that has a water stillage treatment plant on site, which allows us to process wastewater byproduct. Very few distilleries have this environmental necessity in place.

As the first tequila producers and agave farmers, we know more than anyone the present challenges in the production cycle and are committed to protecting Mexico’s national spirit for generations to come. These efforts include the use of stillage treatment plants in all distilleries and production methods, like using diffusers, to save water and energy.

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How Has Tequila Evolved Over Time?

Tequila has changed a lot over the past few hundred years. The spirit used to be much more rustic and varied. In 1795, when Cuervo received the first official license to commercially produce tequila, it was technically called “vino mezcal” at the time. Back then, there wasn’t the same consistency we have today because every batch was made with whatever equipment was available. Those early tequilas had a stronger, more earthy flavor.

Over time, with technological advances and more knowledge of fermentation and distillation, tequila producers were able to create a more consistent product to bring us to the tequila we know today. Our proprietary yeast strains create more consistent flavors than the wild yeasts used centuries ago. Modern temperature controls and improved aging techniques help create more refined flavors. Cuervo still uses many of the traditional methods today – our agave piñas are cooked in the same brick ovens at La Rojeña that were built in 1812.

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Where Is Tequila Made?

There are only five States of Mexico where tequila can be made and be labelled as Tequila: Jalisco, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Nayarit, and Tamaulipas. Before 1978, tequila was unregulated and produced all around the world at varying levels of quality. In 1978, leading tequila companies worked to establish a globally-recognized appellation of origin (a D.O.) that legally ensures the entire tequila production process occurs within the defined region, and that its ingredients and characteristics are exclusively shaped by its natural environment. 

 

Other products that are protected by a D.O. include Parmigiano Reggiano cheese and Champagne wine. Tequila was the first Mexican food or beverage protected and recognized as a D.O.

 

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Who Invented Tequila?

As an 11th generation, family-owned Mexican company, Cuervo was the first to farm agave for tequila production and the first to perform intensive cultivation. Jose Antonio de Cuervo founded the family business in 1758 when he bought land around Tequila and named it Solar de las Animas. The Cuervo family was granted the first license to distill by the King of Spain in 1795. Cuervo Tequila is the oldest tequila brand and one of the oldest spirits brands in the world, with the oldest distillery in the Americas called La Rojeña. That distillery is still operating and producing tequila, in the town of Tequila, Jalisco.

 

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CHEERS TO BECOMING A TRUE TEQUILA CONNOISSEUER!
Next time you raise a glass of tequila, remember the rich heritage, craftsmanship, and dedication that go into each sip of Cuervo’s finest.
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